Core Competencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Center Competencies - Essay Example Other than the inclusion of the medicinal services experts and the patient, the technique may reach out to the nearby relatives to tie down advantages to the weak people. A few changes happen in the nursing calling to help the achievement of the patient-focused consideration. Dispersal of data to the patients shapes the essential system that plans to improve the patient-focused consideration. Teaching the patient and the relatives about a specific sickness is imperative in improving consideration; an educated patient is in a situation to settle on dependable choices about the treatment routine they like (Constand, McDermind, Bello-Haas and Law, 2015). Benefiting data to the patient happens through printed and electronic media and help in the support of the patients in the administration of their conditions. The current second pattern that upgrades the patient-focused consideration is cooperation and joint effort. The clinical experts accord the patients the chance to give their perspectives on the favored treatment routine for a given conditions (Ronedo and Marston, 2015). The contribution of the patients offers the clinical experts the chance to have a comprehension of the prerequisites for every patient. The patients get the opportunity to say something regarding their conditions and the treatment intercession they need. Common dynamic trait of patient-focused consideration is on the ascent because of its affirmed benefits. It upgrades the connection between the medical caretakers and the patient that means improved consideration. Another system customized at improving patient-focused consideration is appropriate correspondence. Rehearsing medical attendants have the commitment of guaranteeing that the medium utilized for correspondence with the patients provideâ affectivity and clearness (Constand et al., 2015). The sort of correspondence tends to the requirements and inclinations of the patients. In certain examples, where instances of language hindrances exist, an interpreter may

Role of the Military in Establishing Democracy

Job of the Military in Establishing Democracy Unique Under the states of globalization the term administration doesn't highlight legislative and state entertainers, however it alludes to entwined administrative and non-administrative, private, transnational, national and nearby on-screen characters and systems, which control and administer. Productive and vote based administration has become a proposed finish of the state for the outer help arrangement, strikingly for the United States. Investigating the progressions inside the Defense Department and State Department after September 11, 2001, the creator contends that, by mobilizing the common circles of help, for example, remote formative guide, the USA endanger the fundamental objective referenced previously. There is a propensity in USA to even out military occupation with the advanced idea of administration, which is a paradoxical expression as the military is one among numerous on-screen characters of administration and it can bolster vote based and proficient administration just by the foundation of security and its own responsibility. Catchphrases: military, administration, USA, democratization, formative guide, militarization, solidness and remaking, security Presentation Pushing a general public from uncertainty toward security has been a ceaseless objective of each network throughout the entire existence of humanity. After the finish of the Cold War trusts were raised that a worldwide security idea would develop which would grasp political, financial, discretionary and different parts of security; rather than thin, resistance arranged ideas focused on elite security for states and collusions. The talk of duties to vote based system and human rights has become a focal issue in current world governmental issues. The quantity of states governed by the military has declined forcefully, and the fair control of the military, has begun to turn into a standard. Somewhere in the range of 1985 and 2001, world military uses declined by 33%; the arms exchange experienced a 65 percent withdrawal at a similar period. The idea of security area change is being created by scholarly and specialists as a structure for tending to the arrangement of security inside the state in a powerful and productive way, and in the system of vote based regular citizen control. At the same time, globalization and developing relationship have addressed ordinary conceptualization of various leveled strength by a focal government. In particular, it has been noticed that huge number of both universal and local on-screen characters and developing significance of systems and different types of communication among state and society limit the limit of states to oversee in a self-governing way to certain degree. Thus, both scholarly and specialists have begun to call attention to that progressively helpful types of administration are fundamental. Until the 1980s, the term administration was utilized as equivalent with government, however over the most recent two decades, political specialists and experts use it to allude to something more extensive. The new utilization of administration doesn't highlight state entertainers and the foundations as the main significant, however centers around the job of systems in the quest for shared objectives: intergovernmental or between hierarchical, transnational, or systems of trust and correspondence crossing the state-society divide.6 Providing for powerful and popularity based administration has become a proposed end state for various on-screen characters managing different types of outside help. Remembering every one of these changes, it ought to have been normal that the military is just a single on-screen character in thick trap of flat and vertical systems administering nearby social orders, and that its job, as a various leveled, top-down organization, is declining. This paper arrange inverse practice inside the U.S. military/Department of Defense and the U.S. remote help, and frameworks potential ramifications for popularity based administration. After the initial segment on the idea of administration in different scholastic and strategy setting, the fundamental attribute of military principle, spending plan and acquirement practice of the United States after the finish of Cold War will be illustrated. The following part will explore essential records gave by the US government after the 9/11, 2001, and expound slow exchange of non military personnel obligations to the military in regions identified with remote help and in adjustment and progress activities abroad. At long last, the impacts of military develop after 9/11 on the straightforwardness and responsibility of resistance related issues inside the U.S. also, securitization of the U.S. remote help without thought for the law based administration in various states worldwide will be explained. THE CONCEPT OF GOVERNANCE In this area the idea of administration inside the scholarly and strategy setting will be characterized, and the substance of majority rule and successful administration is explained. The methodology toward administration applied in the US professionals conversations identified with the military and intercession will be introduced. Until the 1980s, the term administration was utilized as equivalent with government. Be that as it may, there are significant contrasts in the present talk. Old English American political hypothesis utilizes the term government to allude to the conventional foundations of the state and their imposing business model of real coercive force. Government is described by its capacity to settle on choices and its ability to authorize them. Specifically government is comprehended to allude to the formal and institutional procedures which work at the degree of country state to keep up open request and encourage aggregate activity. As of the 1980s, political researchers and specialists allude to the term as unmistakable from government and as something more extensive, including common society on-screen characters, and the job of systems intergovernmental or between hierarchical (Rhodes); transnational (Rosenau), or systems of trust and correspondence crossing the state-society partition (Hyden). The term is utilized in various subfields of political theory: open organization and approach, worldwide relations, near legislative issues. Administration alludes to self-sorting out, interorganizational systems described by association, asset trade, rules of the game, and critical self-rule structure the state. Bar Rhodes alludes to administration as a vogue word for transforming the open segment. Such methodology can be set inside the documented of open organization and arrangement. Researchers in this field study the errands, association, the board and responsibility structure of the open area. This methodology is resounded inside arrangement hovers in the World Bank meaning of administration as the institutional ability of open associations to give general society and different products requested by the countrys residents or their delegates in a successful, fair, straightforward and responsible way, subject to asset imperatives. The World Bank partitions the open division into three general classes: policymaking, administration conveyance, and oversight and responsibility. Foundation improvement cuts over every one of these segments. The effective administration is likewise identified with this subfield, as inverse to poor administration, which the Bank distinguished as the reason for the drawn out financial emergency in creating nations. Different equivalent words being used are acceptable and powerless administration individually. It is imperative to take note of that, remembering decentralization, move of power to supranational associations, and the conveyance of open administrations by private entertainers, the differentiation among open and private that describes customary open organization hypothesis isn't clear. There is a standard understanding that administration alludes to the advancement of overseeing styles wherein limits between and inside open and private parts have gotten obscured. The quintessence of administration is its attention on overseeing components which don't lay on plan of action to the power and endorses of government. The administration idea focuses to the making of a structure or a request which can't be remotely forced yet is the consequence of the communication of an assortment of administering and each other impacting on-screen characters. The last two focuses are significant as they suggest that military administration, especially remotely forced, is a unimaginable development. The term worldwide administration has a place in the field of global relations and it challenges the pragmatist worldview about the states as the most significant units and the universal framework as anarchic, as there is no legislature ruling over all states. Worldwide administration is considered to incorporate frameworks of rule at all degrees of human action from the family to the universal association in which the quest for objectives through the activity of control has transnational repercussions. Or on the other hand, it could be characterized as a move from various leveled and regional relations of government to polyarchical, non-regional and organized relations of administration systems and buildings that are uniting governments, NGOs, military foundations, and privately owned businesses in new ways, as a piece of a developing arrangement of worldwide liberal governance.15 At least three view of administration can be distinguished in universal relations: a tight impression of administration that alludes to for all intents and purposes all exercises in transnational systems; a more extensive impression of worldwide administration as a meta issue, the way toward planning the total of transnational and intergovernmental exercises; and third, the insignificant meaning of neo-authenticity that likens it with world government and along these lines excuses it as naive.16 Another field which alludes to administration is similar legislative issues. Administration is the stewardship of formal and casual political standards of the game. Administration alludes to those measures that include setting the standards for the activity of intensity and settling clashes over such guidelines. Inside near governmental issues, administration centers around state-society connections, and manages the job of the state in monetary advancement how to fuse cultural entertainers in

EU Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

EU Constitutional Law - Essay Example The disappointment with mix hypotheses was because of, first, the extent of the investigation of joining, second, the members who were successfully inducing combination and third, the procedure or system of coordination. This methodology demonstrated the significance of specific elements, which had been discarded in the underlying appraisal. In spite of, dismissal by the intergovernmental meeting, the proposed presentation demonstrated that the Convention's point was to vitalize the possibility of popular government. The popularity based constitution of the European Communities was viewed as immaterial and pointless by numerous researchers who felt that an inner market embraced individual freedom1. Despite this, the EU's change from simply financial to political participation has required such reasoning. The Amsterdam Treaty2 has consolidated majority rules system as a principal esteem into the essential treaties3. Article 2 of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe4 (CT) records majority rules system as a focal estimation of the Union and Articles 1-47 supports this idea under the title The Democratic Life of the Union as representative5 and participatory6 popular government. In spite of the fact that, the need of vote based administration is all around perceived its talk, premises and substance are every now and again discussed7. The comprehensive methodology depends on society and the presumption that there exists a typical decent which varies from the total of every single individual intrigue. The subject of authenticity in the independent position alludes to the individual and thus, the point of open approach is to advance individual interests. A state-focused collectivist methodology stops further reconciliation and cutoff points dynamic to the national parliaments8. Thus, at the European level, the Council of Ministers need to assume an imperative job and from an individualistic point of view and the European Parliament, which speaks to the European populace is the primary organ for getting vote based legitimacy9. Establishment. The comprehensive authenticity idea legitimizes the state-focused fair vision, which expresses that lone national people groups are subjects of authenticity. Since, minorities acknowledge larger part choices just if the populace has a specific national homogeneity, authenticity must be gotten from national parliaments. Henceforth, nonappearance of an European demos is an obstacle to promote coordination. The authenticity of the state-focused, collectivist methodology is questionable as no relationship exists among society and the country state10, which is free of a national or homogenous group11 or a social, strict or social agreement. Protected Treaty and Legitimacy. Article 2 CT records pride and individual freedom in the Union's major qualities with the individualistic idea of vote based system being received hypothetically and it concurs the all important focal point to the person in the European legitimate request, which is additionally fortified by the assurance of uniformity recommended in Articles 2 and 45 CT. These arrangements award European residents equivalent rights, rendering intercession of resident's privileges by a state or country pointless. In this way, the assurance of freedom and equity epitomize that the European Constitution depends on an individualistic idea of democracy12. Article (1) CT, records the desire of the part states to fabricate a typical future underneath

Christian Essay Topics Features

Christian Essay Topics Features The Fundamentals of Christian Essay Topics Revealed Writing the college application essay is a difficult gig. Writing a college argumentative research paper isn't as simple as it might seem at first. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. College application essay topics are an essential portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. Here's What I Know About Christian Essay Topics Creative Essay writing is currently recognized among the most useful activity for kids for their general personality development. Example 1 The area of psychology is an exact enduring one. Writing a thesis affords you the chance to display your mastery of the area of study in which you've invested years, together with an opportunity to donate to the body of knowledge on a particular subject within that area. Thesis topics have to be easily manageable given factors like your geographic regi on and the resources and facilities that are available to you. An excellent thesis topic is an overall idea that's in demand of development, verification or refutation. In many professional contexts, respectful argumentation is the thing that leads to the growth of new thoughts and perspectives. The manner in which you formulate your argument heavily is dependent upon the essay type. Prior exposure or knowledge about a specific subject provides better hindsight which could bring much better arguments on the issue. How to Get Started with Christian Essay Topics? The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a superb idea. Picking a topic is an essential issue that partly estimates final success of the job. Finding the subject of your interest will allow you to work harder on your project and show your style in the easiest way possible. Furthermore, if Jesus were not God his death wouldn't be abun dant enough to cover the sins of you and me. The Bible states, Watch and pray so you aren't going to fall into temptation. To be a good Christian there are many things that you should practice. All Christians want to understand how to handle temptation. Just continue your introduction short and easy. A methodical strategy is necessary to compose a process essay. Always remember a great persuasive essay needs to be persuasive. You will likely discover that the former thesis isn't the very same as the one you're considering after all. There's more than 1 way to compose a narrative essay. Narrative essay topics it is a bit different from other types. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. To begin with, your motivation for a writer is affected by the essay topic you select. Categories, essay topics might be divided into. Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. So without further ado, here are a few effective writing tips to create your common app essay stick out! Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. You must be very careful when choosing an essay topic. Therefore, the topic you select plays a crucial role. In the event you're not required to work on the distinct subject matter, you must do what you can to locate a compelling one by yourself. When you're permitted to write about whatever you want, never rely on a person's thoughts about the subject you like as a pivotal criterion for your choice. Without doubt, it would be easier that you learn more about the topic that's related to the area of your interest. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. For instance, in college, you might be requested to compo se a paper from the opposing standpoint. To lessen stress whilst writing a research paper, you ought to be certain you have chosen the most suitable topic. Discover which of the topics, you currently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. Argumentative research paper topics are a ton a lot easier to find than to produce. Both stories sold the very first time out. Whether women ought to be permitted to be ordained as clergy. Finally, it's important to pick topics that one feels comfortable to write on so you can do justice to them. It is probably that a man or woman may not locate a specific topic interesting which others might. You might also give some general facts or informative details to pull in the readers. There are several different topics that you can use in writing process essays. Please don't E-mail us because you discover information here you don't agree with. Attempt to develop a couple of possible topics in the event you encounter a deficiency of supporting information.

The Mental Health System Is The Best Interest Of The...

Our society is full of people with controversial perspectives on countless aspects of life. The mental health system has become a subject that has questioned whether our society has the best interest of the mentally ill in mind. It is because of issues like the â€Å"laid back approach† to prescribing treatment to patients and the lack of coverage for mental health expenses that led to the corrupting of the system. Patients would undoubtedly benefit from a more structured process with prices that took a families’ financial situation into account. The mental health system in its current state and the rights that patients with a mental illness possess would both benefit from rapid rebuilding. People diagnosed with a mental illness are being†¦show more content†¦By law, patients should be familiar with these concepts before experiencing any assistance with their mental illness. Even though treatment is readily available, the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and He alth claims that 60% of mentally ill adults went untreated. (Szabo 1) If legally treatment was voluntary during 2012 then why did over half of those that needed treatment not receive it? A majority of the mentally ill went without care because although treatment is there, it is not educated as an obligation towards being cured. Laws in regards to the mentally ill are allowing them to try to live a life equal to someone without a mental illness. While this is ideal, this attempt leads to patients ignoring the need for treatment, a process that if followed through will limit their restrictions, and exposing them to situations that will exacerbate the condition. In society, today, the mentally ill are stereotyped as a group of people who are incapable of performing actions in the same way that someone without a mental illness can. This leads to barriers for the mentally ill such as limited access to a proper education and not being able to apply for certain jobs. There is not a single solution that can completely eradicate stereotypes towards the mentally ill; however, the sooner the system is restructured to a point that treatment is seen as the real cure, the quicker society’s perspective of the

Happiness Is an Activity Essay - 1287 Words

In this paper I will discuss Aristotle’s claim that happiness is a kind of activity and not a momentary pleasure. Some people might worry that Aristotle is wrong in making this claim by presuming that happiness is a state of mind rather than a constant pursuit in which a person must actively strive for throughout the entirety of ones life. I will argue that Aristotle is correct when he declares that happiness is a kind of activity that we strive for and ultimately attain throughout the entirety of our lives rather than just a feeling or state that we happen to have at any given moment. First I will explain Aristotle’s view on happiness and then I will offer some objections to Aristotle’s claim that happiness is an activity. Finally, I will†¦show more content†¦It is the end that is pursued for the sake of itself that is the highest good. Aristotle explains, â€Å"Now happiness more than anything else seems complete without qualification, since we always choose it, and also choose it because of itself, never because of something else.† (Nicomachean Ethics 1097b 1-4). Here Aristotle shows us that the happiness that a person who lives a meaningful and excellent life possesses is a happiness that is much more than a momentary pleasure that is found and lost in a small amount of time. Aristotle explains that happiness is self-sufficient and is something that is continuously sought after in practice. He explains that in order for us to understand ultimate happiness, we must, â€Å"first find the function of a human being† (Nicomachean Ethics 1097b 25-26). The function of a human being, according to Aristotle, differs from every other natural organism that resides on Earth. We are unique in our ability to understand and reason (Nichomachean Ethics 1098b 8-9). Because we are capable of reasoning, we are able to learn from our mistakes and actively seek virtue based on our ability to understand the consequences of our actions. Children and animals differ in this respect because they are not capable of making rational decisions. Aristotle uses the example of the harpist to show that the function of the harpist is to play the harp and the function of the good harpist is to do it well. (Nicomachean Ethics1097b 8-12). AristotleShow MoreRelatedHappiness Is An Activity Of The Soul1449 Words   |  6 PagesExplain what it means for Aristotle to say that happiness is an activity of the soul. Why does he call this account an â€Å"ethics†? It is believed that the supreme good is happiness, although many people have trouble defining happiness. There are those who believe it has something to do with pleasure, while there are those who believe it has something to do with how well they live or do something. Everything we do has a telos, an end or a purpose. Happiness is construed as the final telos because it isRead MoreThe Effects Of Routine Activities On Happiness Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesIt has been argued that happiness demonstrates significant variability across time, age, and contexts. Little research has examined the combined effects of behavior, attitudes, and lifespan development on happiness. The purpose of the study carried out by Bailey, Kang, and Schmidt (2016) was to determine the influence of leisure routine, locus of control, wisdom, and age on happiness. Leisure routines compromised social media, reflection, physical activity, time outdoors, and friends. In additionRead MorePersonal Statement : Pra cticing Happiness Activities1156 Words   |  5 PagesGraduate programs, visit of mother-in-law, and the midterm exam. I have decided that practicing happiness activities would fit perfectly into this chaotic week and I am glad I did. Normally, I would practice physical activity, as I did for the past six years, but given that I just had a child, physical activity was out of option, so I had to choose an alternative method to increase my happiness. One of the activities was avoiding overthinking. I had a habit of ruminating, which made me miserable, especiallyRead MoreSexual Activities And The Relation Between Frequency Of Sex And Happiness1737 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most common questions associated with sexual activities is in regard to the relation between frequency of sex and happiness. Does more sex lead to greater happiness? Although this looks like a simple question at first, it has been the center of numerous studies and debates for many years, and it is proven to be a complex and often fascinating matter to be investigated. For a very long time, the traditional point of view offered a simple â€Å"yes† answer to this question – by saying that moreRead MoreThe Search for Happiness Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pages The search for happiness has been one of the greatest driving forces over the ages. Defined as an active or passive sense of pleasure or satisfaction, happiness drives individuals to accomplish a number of fulfilling activities in their lives. Thus an evaluation of meanings attached to happiness provides insight on how an individual maximizes their pleasure. Concepts of positive-psychology provide an explanation of what is happiness and show a number of activities that enhance contentment. NajemyRead MoreAristotle s Views On Happiness1509 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will focus on Aristotle’s claim that happiness is an activity and not just a momentary pleasure. Skeptics claim happiness is a state of mind and Aristotle is wrong to claim that happiness is an ongoing pursuit a person must actively strive for during one’s life. This paper argues that Aristotle is correct when he states that happiness is an activity, the central purpose of human life and a goal in itself that individuals strive for throughout the entirety of their lifetime and ultimatelyRead MoreThe How Of Happiness : A New Approach For Getting The Life You Want By Dr. Sonja Lyubomirsky865 Words   |  4 PagesHow of Happiness: A New Approach to Getting the Life You Want by Dr. Sonja Lyubomirsky is simultaneously an academic book and comprehensive guide about positive psychology and it’s applications in daily life. Dr. Lyubomirsky provides not only facts and figures to back up her science but also includes quizzes and exercises for the reader to learn more about himself or herself in context with the book. The book is broken down into 3 different sections: How to Attain Real and Lasting Happiness, HappinessRead MoreThe Better Morality: Kant and Aristotle on Happiness1538 Words   |  7 Pagesbeings desire happiness and that all rational beings at least should desire moral righteousness. However, their treatments of the relationship between the two are starkly opposed. While Aristotle argues that happiness and morality are nearly synonymous (in the respect that virtue necessarily leads to happiness), Kant claims that not only does happiness have no place in the realm of morality, but that a moral action usually must contradict the actor’s own inclination toward happiness. Because KantRead More Aristotles Concept of Happiness Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagespursuing happiness. Aristotles recommendations for finding happiness are not accepted today with out some struggle and careful examination. In Aristotles time, slaves, women and children were not truly considered human; so in many cases the philosopher is directing his words towards free males only. It is necessary to understand that by overlooking this discrimination and applying it to all people, one can discover the timeless wisdom of Aristotle. To begin, one must learn what happiness meansRead More`` How Happy Are You And Why?1247 Words   |  5 Pageshave control over their own happiness. Lyubomirsky supports her claims with her interviews with happy people and scientific studies. Her purpose is to consider steps that people can take in order to become happier. She establishes an informal relationship with her audience of unhappy people. Lyubomirsky focuses on social psychology and the â€Å"development of ‘sustainable’ happiness† (179). She brings the idea of genetics into happiness and different aspects of happiness. She determines that there are

Introduction to information systems - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to information systems. Answer: A CD or a Compact Disc is a medium of storing data in a digital optical disc. Initially, these were created for storing and playing the sound recordings; however, they later on transformed into data storage medium (Peek, et al 2008). Another mode of data store is a memory card or a flash card, which is also known as memory cartridge. It is electronic flash memory data storage decide which is used for the purpose of storing digital information (GEM, 2018). This discussion is focused comparing the two modes of data storage. The comparison of flash memory to CDs requires the examination of their uses, their pries and the storage space offered by them. Based on the needs of an individual, both of these modes provide different advantages and disadvantages. The flash drives have a higher storage capacity in comparison to the CDs. This is because the flash drives comes in different storage capacities like 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 256 and even higher GB of storage. In comparison to this, the CDs only offer data storage in the range of 700 to 800 MB, which is way less than the data capacity provided by flash drives (Thompson, 2018). When it comes to the pricing of the two products, the CDs are pretty less expensive as they are easily available in different packs like 3 and even up to 100 for each megabyte. However, the flash drivers are higher in costs and yet they provide value for money as they give a higher data storage in a single unit, for the price paid. When it comes to the reuse value of these two, the flash drive memory offers its biggest advantage. This is because the flash drive memory cards allow the individuals to add, modify and erase the data which is stored in the flash drive memory card in real time over and over again. However, the majority of blank CDs allow the data to be stored on them by burning the disk and that to for a single time. In case of CD-RWs, these too have a maximum of 3-4 uses before they start presenting quality issues (Thompson, 2018). In series of comparing between the two, there is a need to mention that in between CDs and flash drive memory cards, it is easier to carry a flash drive memory card as it is not prone to breakage or scratches, as is a commonality in CDs, which render them useless. This also poses a problem where the data stored on the CDs is lost due to the CD being destroyed or broken. When it comes to carrying of the flash drive memory cards, it can be simply kept in the pocket of the clothes or bags of an individual (Shelly and Vermaat, 2008). However, it is important to handle the CDs in a proper manner so that they are not chipped or broken. This adds to the disadvantage of CDs, which has led to them becoming obsolete in the digital age. In other words, the digital age has resulted in the flash drive memory cards becoming more famous and the choice of the individuals; and CDs are not used as much as they were used up to a few years back. This is especially due to the repeated uses offered by the flash drive memory cards in comparison to the single or numbered uses of the CDs. Essentially the improvement in technology has favoured the flash drive memory cards more in comparison to the CDs, offering limited uses and less storage. A robust performance is offered by the flash drive memory cards, which proves to be no longer true in the present digital age (Rainer, et al 2013). The history of the two products is also quite different, as is their present standing. The very first type of flash drive memory cards was PC Cards which came out, but were predominantly used for the industrial purposes and for connecting the I/O devices like modems. Since the year of 1994, there have been a range of memory card formats which came out and which were smaller in comparison to the initial PC Cards. This included the CompactFlash, followed by the SmartMedia, and then the Miniature Card. The need for the smaller cards in the compact digital cameras, and cell phones resulted in the previous general of the compact cards which looked too big. With the passage of time, there has been a change in these cards, and they became smaller and more efficient in comparison to the earlier variants (Shelly and Vermaat, 2008). The CDs were initially developed by Sony and Phillips and had been released in 1982. When the technology was just getting introduced during that time, the CDs could store way more data in comparison to the personal computer hard drive, as it could typically hold around 10 MB. This is the reason why the market of CDs boomed during the 2000s and every one used it as a mode of storing data (Phillips, 2013). However, as soon as it grew high, its market share plummeted, owing to the different forms of digital storage and distribution providing better features in comparison to the CDs. CDs was deemed as the reason for the demise of floppy disks and the coming of flash drive memory cards did the same to CDs. Thus, from the discussion carried on in the previous segments, it can be concluded that the two forms of portable data storage devices, i.e., flash drive memory cards and CDs are quite similar sources in terms of making available the data being stored on external devices and to be taken to any part of the world. However, when it comes to the superiority between the two, flash drive memory cards overpower the CDs due to the number of features which make the former a better choice for storing the data. References GEM. (2018) sandisk 16gb memory card. [Online] GEM. Available from: https://gem.gov.in/cart/cart_global/describe_items/837119 [Accessed on: 13/01/18] Peek, J. B. H., Bergmans, J., Van Haaren, J. A. M. M., Toolenaar, F., and Stan, S. G. (2008)Origins and successors of the compact disc: contributions of Philips to optical storage(Vol. 11). New York: Springer Science Business Media. Phillips, S. L. (2013)Beyond Sound: The College and Career Guide in Music Technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rainer, R. K., Cegielski, C. G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I., and Sanchez-Rodriguez, C. (2013)Introduction to information systems. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Shelly, G., and Vermaat, M. (2008)Discovering computers 2009: introductory. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Thompson, G. (2018) How to Compare Flash Drive Memory to a CD. [Online] It Still Works. Available from: https://itstillworks.com/compare-flash-drive-memory-cd-7471068.html [Accessed on: 13/01/18]

Black Holes Essays (2937 words) - Black Holes, Astronomy, Physics

Black Holes Every day we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique, and it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond our grasp. Within this marvel of wonders, our universe holds a mystery that is very difficult to understand because of the complications that arise when trying to examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of the ever elusive, black hole. This essay will hopefully give you the knowledge and understanding of the concepts, properties, and processes involved with the space phenomenon of the black hole. It will describe how a black hole is generally formed, how it functions, and the effects it has on the universe. By definition, a black hole is a region where matter collapses to infinite density, and where, as a result, the curvature of space-time is extreme. Moreover, the intense gravitational field of the black hole prevents any light or other electromagnetic radiation from escaping. But where lies the ?point of no return? at which any matter or energy is doomed to disappear from the visible universe? The black hole's surface is known as the event horizon. Behind this horizon, the inward pull of gravity is overwhelming and no information about the black hole's interior can escape to the outer universe. Applying the Einstein Field Equations to collapsing stars, Kurt Schwarzschild discovered the critical radius for a given mass at which matter would collapse into an infinitely dense state known as a singularity. At the center of the black hole lies the singularity, where matter is crushed to infinite density, the pull of gravity is infinitely strong, and space-time has infinite curvature. Here it is no longer meaningful to speak of space and time, much less space-time. Jumbled up at the singularity, space and time as we know them cease to exist. At the singularity, the laws of physics break down, including Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. This is known as Quantum Gravity. In this realm, space and time are broken apart and cause and effect cannot be unraveled. Even today, there is no satisfactory theory for what happens at and beyond the rim of the singularity. A rotating black hole has an interesting feature, called a Cauchy horizon, contained in its interior. The Cauchy horizon is a light-like surface which is the boundary of the domain of validity of the Cauchy problem. What this means is that it is impossible to use the laws of physics to predict the structure of the region after the Cauchy horizon. This breakdown of predictability has led physicists to hypothesize that a singularity should form at the Cauchy horizon, forcing the evolution of the interior to stop at the Cauchy horizon, rendering the idea of a region after it meaningless. Recently this hypothesis was tested in a simple black hole model. A spherically symmetric black hole with a point electric charge has the same essential features as a rotating black hole. It was shown in the spherical model that the Cauchy horizon does develop a scalar curvature singularity. It was also found that the mass of the black hole measured near the Cauchy horizon diverges exponentially as the Cauchy horizon is approached. This led to this phenomena being dubbed ?mass inflation.? In order to understand what exactly a black hole is, we must first take a look at the basis for the cause of a black hole. All black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of a star, usually having a great, massive, core. A star is created when huge, gigantic, gas clouds bind together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the star start to burn continuously. The hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as carbon, Oxygen, and helium are consumed. This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending upon the amount of gases there are. The star manages to avoid collapsing at this point because of the equilibrium achieved by itself. The gravitational pull from the core of the star is equal to the gravitational pull of the gases forming a type of orbit, however when this

Exploring the Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism

Exploring the Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism Figure out what an investigative journalism is and how it is connected with the academic credibility. Hashtag: #SwissLeaks World of Superficiality Journalism in its original form is a separate world and far removed from academic sphere. The reason is that superficial thought and research are contradictory attributes of a scholarly article that by nature are systematic, in-depth, and well-structured pieces of writing. An academic complaint article is normally coherent, discusses all sides of the issue, makes use of scientifically acquired facts, properly acknowledged its sources, peer-reviewed, written and presented in technical language for informed readers. In contrast, popular journalistic publications such as newspapers, magazines, and others are mostly for the lay audience, thus informal, skimmed, and speculative. They are sometimes sketchy and one-sided, no author, and lack the credibility of scholarly works. However, the form of journalism responsible for #SwissLeaks or expose of secret billion Swiss bank accounts allegedly owned by HSBC clients seems unusual and more academic in nature than traditional journalism. The reporters that divulged secret bank accounts of known personalities (some may be facing tax invasion charges afterward) are practitioners of Investigative Journalism, an academic compliant form of journalism. This is the same form of journalism (best known as â€Å"Watchdog† journalism) responsible for unmasking corruptions, abuse of power, environmental and health scandals, and publishing of well-researched and written news articles in recent years. Academic Intellectual in Politics Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism The definition of Investigative Journalism varies from author to author but it is commonly about a journalist’s own initiative to look into the significance of the issue, conduct a comprehensive and exhaustive research, make detailed information public, and inspire reform. Creating an outline of Investigative Journalism features found in literature would give us a form of journalistic undertaking that is truth-seeking, objective, systematic, in-depth, facts and evidence oriented, and consistent. Similarly, a careful analysis of academic research requirements will give us an idea that a certain result of a certain research must add value to existing knowledge. This new knowledge must be acquired through scientific methodologies, ethical, analytical, synthesized, and presented in succinct style and appropriate terminology. In other words, academic research is an objective, systematic, in-depth, and original piece of writing. Given that Investigative Journalism reports or articles are objective in its quest for truth, systematically and thoroughly researched, structured and presented with supporting facts and evidence, then they must be compliant to the  academic standard. The problem, however, is the fact that their method of data gathering will not pass academic ethical scrutiny. Certainly, scientific data gathering in academic sphere is never about #SwissLeaks or systematically stealing data from anyone. In fact, an academic research is about consent and confidentiality. It should be reactive to the welfare of data sources. There is no doubt that investigative journalists and academic intellectuals both seek after the truth. In fact, they are both systematic and support their claims with facts. However, they strangely vary in their values and ethical practices. For instance, although generating and promoting new knowledge is critical, the academic sphere gives more weight to the transparency and integrity of the research process. It is rational but passionate and sensitive to partiality, exploitation, and morality of its quest for truth.

Botox injection for cometic use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Botox injection for cometic use - Essay Example Botulinum toxin,popularly known by its trade name Botox, is a protein and neurotoxin developed by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.Botox is used for several medical as well as cosmetic procedures. Today, Botox injection that consists of a small dose of botulinum toxin is used for a variety of cosmetic applications. Botox injection is widely used to paralyze facial muscles for the purpose of preventing the development of wrinkles According to a report published by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Botox based cosmetic operation was most common in the US with 4.6 million procedures as of 2007 (Botox, n. d.). Although side effects of the Botox injection’s many cosmetic applications are still debated, the use of Botox injection for cosmetic purposes has been increasing steadily. This paper will explore the potentiality of the Botox injection in cosmetic applications using the Porter’s Five Forces Model concept. Five forces Forces driving service area competition Conclusion Intensity of rivalry Allergan Inc and Medicis are the two main companies involved in the distribution of Botox in the US. Botox injections are sold across the world despite geographic differences or medical culture. Data indicate that Botox injection was used in nearly 4.6 cosmetic operation procedures in the US as of 2007. The same trend can be seen through the global nations, particularly developed nations. Over the last few years, a growing beauty conscious culture in the Europe assisted the Botox market to achieve tremendous growth rate despite the worse effects of the sovereign debt crisis. It is interesting to note that the Botox achieved a fabulous growth rate when many other leading drugs and pharmaceutical products failed to even maintain their growth levels. Market experts anticipate that Botox sales would continue to grow because of the product’s rapid effects and growing concerns over appearance. Online market for Botox has also been performing well ove r the last few years. Since it is very easy to purchase Botox products from any parts of the globe using internet, today Botox manufactures focus more on the online sector. In the United Kingdom (as cited in Qureshi, 2009), Botox clinics generally charge from ?110 to ?400 an injection. For beauty conscious Europeans, it is not a huge price. Hence, the sales (both physical and online) of Botox injections are likely to grow over the coming years unless there is no effective alternative developed. High While analyzing the Botox market worldwide, it is obvious that competition in the Botox market continues to grow despite the recent global economic slowdown. Rivalry is likely to remain intense in the Botox market as there is no effective alternative to Botox injection yet. Threat of new entrants Although Botox injections are very well known for their cosmetic uses, only a few of the cosmetic applications of the Botox have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The FDA is still researching short term as well as long term side effects of Botox injection’s cosmetic use. The two major Botox distributors in US, Allergan Inc. and Medicis have been constantly in the new as a result of their involvement with Botox products. In 2008, Botox users filed a lawsuit against the Allergan Inc. arguing that the organization had not properly communicated the dangers of Botox injections to users. The lawsuit mainly resulted from a woman’s death as a result of use of Botox for cosmetic reasons. Subsequently, public interest group including Public Citizen complained against the Botox products for their life threatening complications. As a result, FDA required the Botox distributors to issue black box warning (it is the strongest safety measure taken by the FDA) for all Botox products. Hence, these legal complexities associated with Botox injection distribution would persuade new marketers not to enter this business field. Similarly,

The Value of Yield Curve to Predict Recessions Coursework

The Value of Yield Curve to Predict Recessions - Coursework Example The same can be affirmative for other measures which contribute to the difference between short and long term interest rates. The term spread is a significant part of various indices of prominent indicators, some of which are inclusive of the Conference Board and the leading index and recession index of Stock and Watson (1989, 1993). Since, the yield curve is cited as flat in current period, the issue is quite contemporary, as the yield curve as modestly inverted as well. Term spreads play a significant role as a leading indicator because under the expectations attribution, neglecting the term premiums primarily, they measure the difference between the current short-term interest rates and the average of the expected future short-term interest rates over a long and new field of vision. In other words, a term spread is the measure of the pose of the monetary policy in relation with the long-run expectations. With increment in the term spread, current monetary policy becomes even more restrictive, thereby, giving rise to a recession over the subsequent quarters. With such a rationale detesting the term premiums, it is not legible to necessarily capture all the information in the yield curve about the liability of a recession by the spread of short-term interest rates over the yield on a long-term bond. The rise in the gradation of current short-term interest rates has no reason for them having identical predictive content for the liabilities of a recession as degradation in the average anticipated future nominal interest rates over, such as for the upcoming decade. However, the usage of the term spread as an overall explanatory constraint has such a connotation. Furthermore, since, it is quite clear from the existence of term premiums, which are time-varying and contribute to typically incrementing in the bond maturity, thereby, complicating the interpretation of spreads between the short- and long-term Treasury yields, the detestation of term premiums seems to be inappropriate. World prominent scholars like Hamilton and Kim, and Ang, Piazze si and Wei, have made an argument regarding the term premium and anticipations hypothesis constituents of the term spread, as they possess contrasting statistical correlations with the future growth (2002, 2006). A decline in the term premium, derived extrinsically, is theoretically sensible to some extent, since it makes financial conditions more coordinative, thereby, stimulating growth while flattening the yield curve. A measure of the pose of monetary policy which is less intricate as a result of the effects of term premiums, is referred to as the federal funds rate. The shape of yield curve is inclusive of

Indonesian Civil Procedure Essay Example for Free

Indonesian Civil Procedure Essay a.Executive Summary Indonesian is not the signatory of the Haque Convention. Indonesian Civil Procedure guidance is based on two regulations, which were adopted from the Dutch Colonial system, which are Herziene Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) and Rechtsreglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg.). Furthermore, based on the Temporary Law to the Emergency Condition Law No. 1 of 1951 on the provisional considerations state that to those two regulations remained in force up to the new regulations in relation to the Civil Procedure Process will be issued in purpose of ensuring uniformity in the administration, competency and procedure of the civil courts. However, in relation to the matters of obtaining the evidences and the subjects that are parts of the Civil Case, the Burgerlijk Wetbook/the Codes of Civil Procedure Book/Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. I. Service Process I.1The First Court Process in District Court The first court in the civil procedure in relation to the civil case should process is the District Court (Pengadilan Negeri). The first process should be the plaintiff registers their claim with the registrar office of a District court through the Head of the Clerk Court. Afterwards, the head of the District Court will resume the claim in relation to appoint a single judge or a panel of judges to examine the case. Generally, a lot of cases are heard and examined by a panel with three judges. The appointed judge or judges will sit for hearings, examinations, and, finally, will issue a decision. The court will schedule dates of hearings and will summon parties to appear before the court. However, if the address of the parties is unknown and/or unrecognized, the notice of the court hearing’s schedule and also the content of the summons should be conducted and announced through the advertisement in a national newspaper. After the notice of the schedule of hearing have been delivered and well received by the Parties or the representatives and/or the assignees, there will be eight hearing phases in the District Court. At the first court hearing, if the plaintiff and defendant attend the hearing session, the judge or the panel of judges will ask both parties whether or not they have attempted to do mediation or a settlement outside the Court prior to appearing before the court. If the parties agree to do the mediation, the panel of judges has the obligation to mediate between the parties or order that they resolve this matter through external mediation outside the court. If the mediation process conducts, the parties will draw up, enter and sign a Settlement and Release Agreement (Akta Perdamaian). This Settlement and Release will have the same effect enforceable as a court judgment as stipulated in the verdict. If the mediation fails and the dispute settlement cannot be reached, therefore the parties should proceed to litigation and the first court hearing will be scheduled by the judge or by the panel of judges. If a defendant or their attorney or appointed lawyer does not appear in the first hearing, the panel of judges will schedule another hearing and ask for the defendant to be properly summoned by the Clerk Court. The judge or the panel of judges may also, however, issue a default judgment in the absence of the defendant. Furthermore, if the plaintiff or their attorney and/or their appointed lawyer fails to appear on the scheduled hearing, the judge or panel of judges will declare the lawsuit null and void. As to be highlighted that, the litigation process in Indonesia for the process is more of a paper process than an oral one. The first court hearing is proposed to the plaintiff giving their arguments and submitting their facts of the case. Furthermore, in this first court hearing, the Plaintiff’s demands should be made and submitted in relation to their expectations to the panel of judges to be decided. The plaintiff has to start reading their lawsuits in the forms of the â€Å"Claim and Demand†. After hearing the plaintiffs lawsuit, the judge or the panel of judges will give an opportunity for the defendant to propose the second court hearing as the rebuttal hearing. Then, the judge or panel of judges will decide and schedule the rebuttal hearing with the sufficient time in relation to giving the defendant preparing the written rebuttal (kopensi). Afterwards, the second court hearing, the court will ask the defendant read their written rebuttal. Furthermore, the defendant also has the option to file a counter suit (rekonpensi) against the plaintiff. This counter suit will make the Defendant as a plaintiff at the same time. The judge or panel of judges has responsibility to issue two verdicts at the same time. At the third court hearing, the judge or panel of judges will hear the plaintiffs rebuttal against the argument made by the defendant at the second court hearing. At the fourth court hearing, the panel of judges will hear the defendants arguments with respect to the plaintiffs rebuttal as submitted in the third court hearing. The fifth and sixth court hearings are proposed to examining evidence and presenting and hearing any witnesses, including expert witnesses. The plaintiff is firstly let to present evidence and their witnesses, and then, the judge or panel of judges gives the next chance to the defendant to present the evidences, witnesses or testimony that it would support of its case. The seventh court hearing is for the court to hear both parties give their conclusions in the case. The eighth and last court hearing is when the panel of judges has to make the decision to the case and read its verdict. The courts verdict, however, does not immediately take effect and become enforceable. The verdict is effective after fourteen days since the date of the verdict was read, if there is no appeal submitted. If one of the parties submits an appeal to this verdict, the verdict will not take effect and be unenforceable. I.2The Appeal Court to the High Court For doing the appeal from the District Court are heard before the High Court (Pengadilan Tinggi). The High Court, which located in each of the Provinces in Indonesia, and also called as a District Court of Appeal. The High Court will examine and review the case through all paper materials submitted by the parties at the District Court at least 14 (fourteen) days after the announcement date of that verdict The parties will not be needed to do physically hearing as required in the first phase in the District Court. The High Courts verdict will take effect and become enforceable in fourteen days if no cassation/appeals to the Supreme Court, which located in Jakarta, as the highest court in Indonesia, is submitted. There are no restrictions and the mechanism, except for time limits, with respect to challenging a verdict of the High Court to the Supreme Court. I.3The Highest Appeal to the Supreme Court/Cassation The Supreme Court has responsibility to review and examine a cassation appeal (kasasi), which the appeal to the Supreme Court is a final appeal from lower courts.   However, it can also conduct a case review (Peninjauan kembali) in the conditions that new evidences should be found, which justifies a re-hearing. The Supreme Court renders decisions concerning disputes of competency amongst the types of court in the first and last instances. The Supreme Court can overrule a verdict of a lower court on any of three grounds: the court in question lacked jurisdiction or acted beyond its jurisdiction; the court applied the law incorrectly or violated prevailing law; and, the lower court neglected to satisfy certain requirements imposed by law. The Supreme Court will review the same materials presented at the District Court, which has been submitted to the High Court; the Supreme Court will not admit new evidences and also ask for another court hearings. The process at the Supreme Court is the similar with the High Court. Generally, the Cassation is possible only if no other ordinary means of obtaining justice is available. If there is a possibility of bringing the case for appeal to the court of second instance (High Court) then the cassation will not succeed. Cassation will be successful if the decisions do not comply with the formal requirements as set forth in the regulation, pertaining to nullification. It is also possible when the lower courts in rendering their decision exceed their jurisdiction. Finally, cassation is possible if the regulations and rules of law have been improperly applied to the case or, if there rules are violated by the Court, or if the Court apply the wrong rules to the case. II.Taking Evidence Abroad There are five types of evidence recognized and set forth in the fourth chapter of the Rules of Civil Procedure Book as follows: * documentary evidence which consists of ordinary documents, notarial deeds and privately executed agreements; * verbal testimony of witnesses under oath in open court; * inferences; * confessions; and * written witness statement sworn in the presence of a notary public. In addition to the five forms of evidence, the following evidence is also recognized in practice: â€Å"Judicial Notice†: The court has discretion with its own knowledge of relevant facts and circumstances, what is known in some jurisdictions as â€Å"judicial notice.† Furthermore, the Judicial notice without inquiry is taken where facts are many parts of the common knowledge that they do not need to be proved at all. Judicial notice is proposed to assist the party, which would otherwise bear the burden of proof in relation to a fact in issue. Furthermore, the Indonesian’s judicial system, the judges themselves are allowed to give questions of witnesses and request other relevant evidence. In relation to the Electronic Documents, pursuant to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law of 2008 that was issued in 2008, the courts are now allowed to accept electronic information and/or electronic documents and correspondence as valid legal evidence. However, this kind of legal evidence excludes those documents that are required by law to be in written form with legalized by the public notary, or in a notarial deed form or required to be made by land deed officials. Furthermore, Indonesia does not have pre-trial discovery procedures like in the Common Law system, however, the Indonesian Civil Procedural Law does state the broad principle that † a person who claims to have a right, or refers to a fact to substantiate his right, or to contradict someone else’s right, must evidence the existence of that right or that fact. II.1Default Summary Judgment Options Generally, in a practice, a default judgment is allowed to be issued, if the defendant or his appointed attorney fails to appear after three consecutive hearings in the District Court phase, and have been properly served. Furthermore, the defendant may file an objection to the default judgment. All legal process is served by officers of the court itself and not by private process servers. Summary judgment is not recognized under the Indonesian civil procedural law. III.Enforcement of Foreign Judgments In relation to enforcing a foreign judgment in Indonesia, the general principle referred to in Indonesian law is the territorial principle. However, as a general rule, foreign judgments are not enforceable in Indonesia. The foreign judgments from the foreign courts cannot be executed by any Indonesian’s courts as a judgment, as well as delivered in a country does not have the requisite force of law in some other jurisdiction. However, although foreign judgments are not generally enforceable in Indonesia, if Indonesia has a bilateral or multilateral treaty with the relevant country issuing the arbitral award, it is possible for a foreign judgment to be enforced. III.1. The Enforcement of International Arbitration Judgments Indonesian courts have historically prohibited to enforce international arbitration judgments without first confirming that judgment or award through the Indonesian judicial system. However, Indonesia has already ratified Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award (New York Convention 1958) through the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 34 of 1981. However, Article 5 of this convention stipulates that the enforcement of an international arbitration judgment can be refused if it breaches public policy or would be detrimental to public order. The Indonesian and foreign mass media seized on this refusal to issue the Writ of Execution as evidence that Indonesia was not only reluctant but would not enforce foreign arbitral awards. b.Department of State Summary DISCLAIMER: THE INFORMATION IN THIS CIRCULAR RELATING TO THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIFIC FOREIGN COUNTRIES IS PROVIDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND MAY NOT BE TOTALLY ACCURATE IN A PARTICULAR CASE. QUESTIONS INVOLVING INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIC FOREIGN LAWS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO FOREIGN COUNSEL. PROVISO: This flyer seeks only to provide information; it is not an opinion on any aspect of U.S., foreign, or international law. The U.S. Department of State does not intend by the contents of this flyer to take a position on any aspect of any pending litigation. OBTAINING EVIDENCE VOLUNTARY DEPOSITIONS: Depositions of willing witnesses may be conducted in Indonesia without the interposition of Indonesian authorities regardless of the nationality of the witness, provided the testimony is voluntary and no compulsion is used. The witnesses may refuse to take an oath or refrain from answering any or all questions. Oral depositions or depositions on written questions may be taken by U.S. consular officers or by private attorneys from the U.S. or Indonesia. Voluntary depositions may take place on U.S. consular premises or at other locations such as offices or hotels, and are taken either on notice or pursuant to a commission. See our general flyer on Obtaining Evidence Abroad for details. ARRANGING FOR U.S. CONSULAR ASSISTANCE: If the services of a U.S. consular officer are required to administer an oath to the witness, interpreter and stenographer, such arrangements must be made in advance with the U.S. Embassy directly. Contact the U.S. Embassy in Indonesia to schedule a deposition of willing witnesses directly on U.S. consular premises, to arrange the participation of a consular officer to administer oaths off-site, or to obtain information about court reporters, stenographers or interpreters. Our general flyer, Obtaining Evidence Abroad , include a checklist of the specific information inquirers should include in requests to the U.S. Embassy. ARRANGING FOR U.S. CONSULAR ASSISTANCE IN DEPOSITIONS : The Office of American Citizen Services information flyer entitled Obtaining Evidence Abroad includes step-by-step instructions for what information you should fax to U.S. consular officers at the American Embassy in Indonesia to arrange for voluntary depositions. PARTICIPATION BY LOCAL, STATE OR U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS : Local, State or U.S. Government officials must have formal U.S. Embassy and Host Country clearance before traveling to a foreign country to conduct informal interviews related to judicial assistance matters or depositions. If participation of such officials is envisioned, they should contact the East Asia and Pacific Division of the Office of American Citizens Services which will transmit the request for host country clearance to the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta for transmittal to the Foreign Ministry of Indonesia. Police clearance does not constitute formal host country clearance. Compulsion of Evidence Indonesia is not a party to the Hague Convention on Obtaining Evidence Abroad. Compulsion of evidence is obtained pursuant to a letter rogatory. A letter rogatory is a request from a court in the U.S. addressed to the Appropriate Judicial Authority of the foreign country. See our general information flyer, Preparation of Letters Rogatory for details about the process. There are no laws or regulations specifically relating to the use of Indonesian courts for the taking of depositions requested by foreign courts, nor is there clear precedent to which one can refer in determining how to approach the Indonesian courts on this matter. Requesting counsel should be aware that when letters rogatory are executed by foreign courts which compel the appearance of a witness to answer written interrogatories, the evidence is taken in accordance with the rules of the foreign court. In most cases an American attorney will not be permitted to participate in such a proceeding. Occasionally a foreign attorney may be permitted to attend such a proceeding and even to put forth additional questions to the witness. Not all foreign countries utilize the services of court reporters or routinely provide verbatim transcripts. Sometimes the presiding judge will dictate his recollection of the witnesss responses to his secretary. Generally letters rogatory worldwide, including those sent to the United States, take from six months to a year to execute. Preparing A Letter Rogatory For Use In Indonesia In addition to the general guidance in our flyer Preparation of Letters Rogatory , keep in mind that any letter rogatory intended for use in Indonesia must include the following: * Reciprocity: an offer of reciprocal assistance; * Costs: a statement expressing willingness to reimburse the Indonesian judicial authorities for costs incurred in execution of the letter rogatory;†¨ * Translations: a certified translation in Indonesian attached to the English copy (although not a requirement, this will expedite processing in Indonesia). * Authority to Issue the Letter Rogatory: The letter rogatory must include the signature of the judge and the seal of the court. Any summons accompanying the letter rogatory must include the seal of the court;†¨ * Authentication: The letter rogatory and any accompanying documents must be authenticated (also called legalized) by the Indonesian Embassy, 2020 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, tel: 202-775-5200. Contact the Consular Section of the Indonesian Embassy for details about requisite fees. Our general information flyer, Authentication of Documents for Use Abroad includes step-by-step instructions about this process. * U.S. Consular Fees : There is a $455.00 fee for consular services related to letters rogatory. The U.S. fee and any local (foreign) fees will be deducted from the $500.00 deposit check (bank or firm check/no personal checks) payable to American Embassy Jakarta which should accompany the letters rogatory and cover letter (including the complete mailing address of the court in the U.S. to which the executed request should be returned). Requests from State or Federal Government Officials If the service is on behalf of the federal, state or local government, there is no fee. If the letter rogatory is being transmitted at the request of a state or federal official no U.S. consular fee will be charged. However, local authorities in the foreign country may impose fees of their own which must be paid by the state or federal authority in the United States requesting the judicial assistance. You will be contacted if a federal appropriation number and fund code or remittance a check for foreign fees owed by state or local governments in the U.S. are necessary. Service of Process Service of process can be effected in Indonesia in a variety of ways: 1. International registered mail, return receipt requested. 2. Personal service by agent can be accomplished by retaining a Indonesian attorney who will serve the documents and execute an affidavit of service at the U.S. embassy. There is a $55.00 fee for the U.S. consular officers notarial service. Lists of attorneys are available from the Office of American Citizens Services, see Questions below. 3. Letters Rogatory (See Above). Authentication of Documents Indonesia is not a party to the Hague Legalization Convention Abolishing the Requirement for Legalization of Foreign Public Documents. Documents originating in Indonesia intended for use in the United States must be authenticated before a U.S. consular officer in Indonesia. There is a $32.00 fee per document for this service payable to American Embassy Jakarta. Likewise, documents originating in the U.S. intended for use in Indonesia must be authenticated by the Indonesian Embassy. [ 1 ]. For this purpose the study used the following books on the Law of Civil Procedure: R. Soepomo, Hukum Acara Perdata Pengadilan Negeri (The Law of Civil Procedure in District Court), (Jakarta: Percetakan Penebar Swadaya, 2002); Retnowulan Sutantio and Iskandar Oeripkartawinata, Hukum Acara Perdata dalam Teori dan Praktek (The Law of Civil Procedure in Theory and Practice), (Bandung: Alumni, 1986). Translation by Author; and also provided in http://www.aseanlawassociation.org/papers/JudicialSystem.pdf. [ 2 ]. http://www.aseanlawassociation.org/papers/JudicialSystem.pdf. Judicial System, last visited: November 1st,2011 and www.suyud.com. Indonesia Civil Procedure. Last visited: November 2nd, 2011. [ 3 ]. Id. [ 4 ]. Id. [ 5 ]. http://d-arch.ide.go.jp/idedp/IAL/IAL002100_004.pdf. Last visited: November 2nd, 2011. [ 6 ]. Id. [ 7 ]. http://www.travel.state.gov/law/judicial/judicial_651.html

Oxidative Stress :: Health, Diseases

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. As oxidative stress might be an important part of many human diseases, the use of antioxidants in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals is intensively studied. Natural antioxidants have been the focus of considerable interest in recent times [22]. To date antioxidant activity of E. cava has been extensively studied and documented. E. cava extracts and the isolated compounds exhibited strong antioxidant activity and this proven antioxidant properties of the brown seaweed as a valuable natural antioxidant source have been utilized into several industrial applications [23]. One of the previous studies [10] has shown antioxidant activities of phlorotannins purified from E. cava on free radical scavenging using electron spin resonance (ESR). The potential antioxidant activities of three phlorotannins namely phloroglucinol, eckol and dieckol purified from E. cava were evaluated and all the compounds showed potential radical scavenging activities and potential inhibitory effects on H2O2-mediated DNA damage as well. In addition, promising antioxidant properties of E. cava were reported with novel phlorotannin derivatives [7]. They have isolated and characterized seven phlorotannins from E. cava and according to the results all the phlorotannins exhibited potent antioxidant properties. Kang et al. [24] have investigated the cytoprotective effect of eckol, which was isolated from E. cava, against oxidative stress induced cell damage in V79-4 cells. Further, they suggested that eckol protects V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by enhancing the cellular antio xidant activity and modulating cellular signal pathway. Antioxidative effect of E. cava dried by far infrared radiation drying was reported by Lee et al. [25]. Methanolic extract from E. cava dried by far infrared radiation drying enhanced cell viability and H2O2 scavenging activity in Vero cells. It was also found that dieckol; a phlorotannin was the major antioxidant compound in this work. Interestingly, a study in antioxidant activity of brown algal phlorotannins demonstrated that phlorotannins of E. cava had significant radical scavenging activities against the superoxide anion and DPPH, and were more effective compared to ascorbic acid and ÃŽ ±-tocopherol [26]. Triphlorethol-A phlorotannin found in E. cava, protects V79-4 cells against oxidative stress induced cell death through up regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) [27]. Further, they suggested triphlorethol-A augments cellular antioxidant defense capacity through induction of HO-1 via ERK-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress. In another stud y cytoprotective effect of triphlorethol-A against ÃŽ ³-ray radiation-induced oxidative stress was reported [28].

Vikings, Civilized?

In the year AD 789, the Viking Era began. They came across the sea from the region now called Scandinavia. Hundreds of years later, there were many Vikings living in all corners of Europe because their homelands couldn’t support their growing population. The Vikings for a long time had a bad reputation. People feared the Vikings, describing them as vicious vandals and barbaric raiders. That is what the Vikings are mostly remembered for today. Aside from all the raiding and looting of towns the Vikings did, in their homelands, they had a certain level of civilisation in their culture.The name ‘Viking’ translates to ‘pirate’ in Norse; a language spoken by the Vikings. The Vikings were very fierce and brutal fighters. 4 years after the Vikings settled in England/Europe, they violently raided the monks of Lindisfarne. The war party struck quickly and unexpectedly. The monks at first thought they would be safe, living in a monastery and sacred place, but t hey were wrong. The people of Lindisfarne were defenseless, making it easier for the Vikings to steal treasures, burn down buildings and murder monks.The Vikings were violent and heartless towards others. They would torture their victims and did not hesitate to kill anyone†¦ including innocent babies. After raiding the monastery, the Vikings longships would sail home loaded with goods and captives. The Vikings would raid and loot through towns as they travelled. Their swords and axes caused terror and fear wherever they went. They had many cruel and disturbing ways to kill people. One of the most popular ways they used is called a butterfly cut, which ended up with the victim’s lungs hanging out.They would also drown people in the sea until they died. Some Vikings called ‘The berserkers’ were worked up with drugs before and in battles which made them wild and somehow, pain free. Despite the Vikings status as raiders, not all Vikings voyages were violent. Alt hough they might loot and destroy one town, they would go to another in peace and trade goods. While some of the popular belief of Vikings being nothing but ruthless fights are correct, contrary to belief, the Vikings culture and way of life is less barbaric than most may think.In addition, Vikings were very skilled craftspeople. They were expert sailors and shipbuilders. Their longship sailed all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. The Vikings built many types of boats like small rowing boats, trading and transport ships and of course the mighty longship used for raids. The Vikings were excellent navigators, and with their longship, could travel far distances. Furthermore, the Vikings had a very structured and stable society. They had equal rights, their own religion and language which are all signs of a civilised culture.The Vikings honored the dead and evidence from a number of primary sources reveal that the Vikings would bury the dead in mass graves, in deep pits, in wagons and b oats. Cremation was another common burial practice for Pagan Vikings. The Viking’s society was divided into 3 groups. The Jarls who were the privileged, rich and powerful ones, the Karls who were the middle class made up the majority of the Viking society. They were the craftspeople, farmers and merchants. On the bottom of the Viking society were the Thralls.Most of them were slaves and did the heavy work. The Vikings would have festivals with music, storytelling and games In conclusion, saying the Vikings were nothing but ruthless, bloodthirsty savage beasts would be unfair. Yes, they did attack and kill many innocent people but that does not mean their society was uncivilised. The Vikings were the master of the seas and were skilled at many things. They had a structured society and had their own beliefs. In saying that, the Vikings were far less barbaric than most think.

Supply, Demand and Price Elasticity of Coffee - 1001 Words

When many individuals wake up in the morning, the first thought they often have is: where is the coffee? The price of coffee fluctuates no matter what quantity is sold. The following paper will discuss what makes the price of coffee rise and what consumers do when the price is more than they are willing to pay. Many factors are taken into consideration when the price of coffee is being determined. The main two factors are the supply that is demanded and the availability of substitutes, which will be discussed below. Coffee is a commodity enjoyed all over the world. Bistros in Paris to large franchise chains in the United States; the fact is people love coffee. Take a look at the causes for shifts in supply and demand for one†¦show more content†¦Some would say that coffee is a luxury, while others will argue that coffee is a necessity. Since a good is considered a necessity when the quantity that consumers buy is not dependent on its price then coffee is considered a luxury. This was chosen because the quantity that people buy is dependent on its price. With there being substitutes for coffee that are less expensive, consumers will quit buying coffee when the price is too high (Hubbard O’Brien, 2010). Most consumers buy coffee as a result of wanting the caffeine coffee supplies. Instead of buying coffee, consumers could choose to purchase another beverage with a high level of caffeine, such as a carbonated beverage, tea, or even an energy drink, or shot. Some consumers may also decide to purchase caffeine pills from a local pharmacy instead of forking out the cost for coffee. The price elasticity of coffee is impacted primarily by the amount of substitutes that can replace it. These substitutes could be considered a necessity or a luxury. The more substitutes a product has, the greater price elastic the product. Luxuries have more of price elasticity because luxuries are not considered to be something needed to survive. With coffee having many substitutes and being a luxury it has a high elasticity (Hubbard O’Brien, 2010). In conclusion, coffee prices may rise and fall periodically throughout the year. Whether someone is just waking up, or taking a stroll downShow MoreRela tedEssay about Coffee Supply, Demand and Price Elasticity985 Words   |  4 PagesCoffee Supply, Demand, and Price Elasticity Team B: Walelia Naholowa’a, Priscilla Swanson, Delniece Williams, Nigel Sturge ECO/212 Robert Coates February 26, 2012 Coffee Supply, Demand, and Price of Elasticity Statistics show that over half of the American population consumes coffee on a daily basis. You may drink coffee hot, cold, mixed, or even in a frappuccino. Individuals are able to make coffee at home, or buy it on the go. Coffee provides people with caffeine, which ultimatelyRead MoreThe Supply And Demand Curve951 Words   |  4 PagesA shift on the supply and demand curve will subsequently effect pricing, an example of this is the increase of coffee supply in 1998. Using data collected by the ICO, it is found that supply of coffee increased from 99,550 (in thousand 60 kg bags) in 1997/8 to 108,858 (in thousand 60 kg bags) in 1998/9. This can be explained due to an increase in suppliers with the addition of Yemen, Guyana and Loa, this will affect total production by increasing coffee producing countries, whilst simultaneouslyRead MoreDemand Curve, Supply Curve Equilibrium. The Demand Curve995 Words   |  4 PagesDemand Curve, Supply Curve Equilibrium The demand curve can be shown in a graph and it reflects the relationship between the price and amount of a commodity that people are able and willing to buy at a set price. The demand curve slopes downward because are more prone to buying a good as the price declines. For example, coffee drinkers may be willing to buy more cups of Starbucks coffee if a medium cup of regular coffee sells for $1.49 versus $2.10. Instead of buying one cup a day they may buyRead MorePrice Elasticity and Supply Demand Price Elasticity and Supply Demand1382 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Level Material Appendix B Price Elasticity and Supply Demand Fill in the matrix below and describe how changes in price or quantity of the goods and services affect either supply or demand and the equilibrium price. Use the graphs from your book and the Tomlinson video tutorials as a tool to help you answer questions about the changes in price and quantity Event Market affected by event Shift in supply, demand, or both. Explain your answer. 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Supply and price can be affected byRead MoreCoffee Consumption in USA1265 Words   |  5 PagesSynopsis National coffee drinking trends statistics in 2012 shows a tremendous increase in the consumption of coffee in the country. The data show a general increase in all demographics consumption behaviors. Significant increase is in age groups 18 to 39 with the largest jump in consumption observed in gourmet coffee. The data from the national coffee association (NCA) show current behaviors of coffee consumption such as single cup brewing taking the lead in coffee taking style. Data collectionRead MoreHomework Ecn 2111655 Words   |  7 Pages Assume the demand for watermelons is downward sloping. A decrease in price from $3 per pound to $2 per pound [A] could have been caused by an increase in supply. [B] will cause an increase in supply. [C] will cause a smaller quantity of watermelons to be demanded. [D] will cause demand to decrease. [E] will cause demand to increase. 5. If the equilibrium price decreases and the equilibrium output decreases then what must have happened. A) Demand increased B)Read MoreStarbucks : A Global Coffee Company930 Words   |  4 Pagesglobal coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington since 1971. It is the largest coffeehouse company in the world ahead of UK rival Costa Coffee, with almost 21,366 stores in 63 countries. A recent survey says that in last 30 days 32 million people visited the store across the globe. Thus, it is a highly busy and in demand coffee shop. Here I am going to do microanalysis of Starbucks as a largest coffeehouse chain/industry in the world considering its demand and supply in the